What is nystagmus?

Nystagmus (pronounced nuh-stag-muhs) is a condition which causes uncontrolled eye movement. If you have nystagmus, these movements cause your eyes to move constantly (sometimes described as ‘wobble’). This can be in a side to side, an up and down, a circular motion, or a combination of these. This uncontrolled movement can affect how clearly you can see. Many people with nystagmus have reduced vision.

There are two main types of nystagmus infantile or congenital nystagmus which appears in the first few months of life and acquired nystagmus which can develop in later life.

Having nystagmus may mean that you need longer to see or read things. The constant movement of your eyes means that you have less time to focus on what is in front of you, for example printed text.

The effects of nystagmus may improve when your head is held in a particular position, which can help you to see things better. This is known as the null zone. This is the direction of your gaze where your eye movements are slowest and most stable. Slowing or making eye movements more stable may mean your vision becomes clearer. Children with infantile nystagmus often find their null zone naturally. Parents or teachers may notice that a child tilts their head to one side or looks at things sideways.

Some people with nystagmus also find that nodding or shaking their head helps to improve their vision.

People with nystagmus may have poor depth perception. They may find judging distances and depth difficult.

Further information and support can also be found on the Nystagmus Network website.

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